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JMc- bainite
- an austenitic transformation product found in some steels and cast irons; it forms at temperatures between those at which pearlite and martensite transformations occur; the microstructure consists of alpha-ferrite and a fine dispersion of cementite.
- band gap energy
- for semiconductors and insulators, the energies that lie between the valence and conduction bands; for intrinsic materials electrons are forbidden to have energies within this range.
- bauxite
- an ore of aluminum consisting of moderately pure hydrated alumina - Al2O3× 2H2O.
- block copolymer
- a linear copolymer in which identical mer units are clustered in blocks along the molecular chain.
- body-centered cubic (BCC)
- within the cubic unit cell atoms are located at corner and center cell positions (figure). more
- bonding energy
- the energy required to separate two atoms that are chemically bonded to each other.
- branched polymer
- a polymer having a molecular structure of secondary chains that extend from the primary main chains.
- brass
- copper (Cu) based alloy with zinc (Zn) as the main alloying element.
- brazing
- a metal joining technique that uses a molten filler metal alloy having a melting temperature greater than about 425 degrees C (800 F).
- Brinell hardness test
- a test for determining the hardness of a material by forcing a hard steel or carbide ball of specified diameter into it under a specified load; the result is expressed as the Brinell hardness number.
- brittle crack propagation
- a very sudden propagation of a crack with the absorption of no energy except that stored elastically in the body.
- brittle fracture
- separation of a solid with little or no macroscopic plastic deformation; fracture occurs by rapid crack propagation with less expenditure of energy than for ductile fracture; brittle tensile fractures have a bright, granular appearance and exhibit little or no necking; typical fracture mode of a glass or ceramic.
- brittleness
- the tendency of a material to fracture without first undergoing significant plastic deformation.
- bronze
- copper (Cu) based alloy with tin (Sn) as the main alloying element.
- Burgers vector (b)
- a vector that denotes the magnitude and direction of lattice distortion associated with a dislocation.